Astronomers Spot Potentially Habitable ‘Eyeball’ Planet with Ocean Surrounded by Ice

By: Sam Watanuki | Published: Jul 10, 2024

Astronomers have uncovered a fascinating exoplanet, LHS-1140b, located 50 light-years from Earth. Discovered in 2017, this planet was initially thought to be a “mini-Neptune.”

However, recent observations suggest it may be an “eyeball” planet, featuring a central ocean surrounded by ice. This discovery could point to potential habitability.

New Findings with the James Webb Space Telescope

Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scientists have re-examined LHS-1140b and found it to be icier and wetter than previously thought.

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A photo of the James Webb Space Telescope

Source: Wikimedia

The JWST’s advanced instruments detected signs of nitrogen, suggesting a nitrogen-rich atmosphere. These findings are a significant step towards understanding the planet’s potential for supporting life.

A Closer Look at LHS-1140b

LHS-1140b is roughly 1.73 times wider than Earth and 5.6 times its mass. It is tidally locked to its host star, meaning one side always faces the star while the other remains in darkness.

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A CGI image of the James Webb Space Telescope in space

Source: NASA

This unique characteristic results in an “eyeball” appearance, with a central ocean exposed to the star’s warmth.

The Goldilocks Zone Explained

The planet’s proximity to its red dwarf star places it within the “Goldilocks zone,” where conditions are just right for liquid water to exist. If the star were like our sun, the planet’s close orbit would make it uninhabitable.

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A photograph of planet Earth with the sun in the background

Source: Wikimedia

However, the cooler temperature of the red dwarf allows for a potentially habitable environment.

Potential for Liquid Water

One of the most exciting aspects of LHS-1140b is the possibility of liquid water. Researchers believe the planet’s “iris” side could reach temperatures of 68 degrees Fahrenheit.

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drop falling into water

Source: Freepik

This warm region may create a habitable environment, with a central ocean surrounded by ice.

Nitrogen in the Atmosphere

The JWST’s observations revealed signs of nitrogen in LHS-1140b’s atmosphere. Nitrogen is a key component of Earth’s atmosphere and is crucial for supporting life.

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A photograph of Earth from space

Source: Wikimedia

This discovery adds to the planet’s potential habitability, making it a prime candidate for further study.

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Future Observations Needed

While the initial findings are promising, more data is required to confirm the presence of a nitrogen-rich atmosphere. René Doyon, a co-author of the study, noted that detecting an Earth-like atmosphere on LHS-1140b will push JWST’s capabilities to its limits.

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Additional observations over the next few years are necessary to gather more evidence.

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The Importance of the James Webb Space Telescope

The JWST plays a crucial role in the study of exoplanets like LHS-1140b. Its advanced instruments allow astronomers to analyze the atmospheres of distant worlds in unprecedented detail.

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A CGI image of the James Webb Space Telescope in space

Source: NASA

This technology is vital for the ongoing search for potentially habitable planets beyond our Solar System.

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LHS-1140b's Potential for Supporting Life

The combination of liquid water, a nitrogen-rich atmosphere, and the planet’s location in the Goldilocks zone makes LHS-1140b a strong candidate for supporting life.

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A close-up of very clear blue water.

Source: Sime Basioli/Unsplash

While most of the planet is frozen, the central ocean could provide a suitable environment for marine life, offering a unique opportunity for astrobiological studies.

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Challenges and Future Research

Studying distant exoplanets like LHS-1140b presents numerous challenges. The vast distances involved make direct observation difficult, and interpreting data from these worlds requires sophisticated technology and methods.

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A group of co-workers are pictured looking over data

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However, the potential rewards of discovering a habitable planet make this research incredibly valuable.

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The Role of Astrophysics in Exploring Exoplanets

Astrophysicists like Charles Cadieux and René Doyon are at the forefront of exploring exoplanets. Their work with the JWST and other advanced telescopes is crucial for expanding our understanding of the universe.

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Depiction of the universe/depiction of an exoplanet/ A photograph of a red dwarf star

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By studying planets like LHS-1140b, they hope to uncover new insights into the potential for life beyond Earth.

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The Future of Exoplanet Research

The discovery of LHS-1140b highlights the importance of continued exoplanet research. As technology advances, astronomers will be able to study these distant worlds in greater detail.

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An artist's rendition of an exoplanet in deep space

Source: Wikimedia

Each new finding brings us closer to answering one of humanity’s most profound questions: Are we alone in the universe?

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